A groundbreaking step towards understanding and potentially altering the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been taken by Australian researchers. This exciting development brings us closer to unraveling the mysteries of MS and improving the lives of those affected by this debilitating disease.
Led by Dr. Hamish King at WEHI, this project aims to bridge a critical gap in MS genetics. Over the years, numerous genetic studies have identified hundreds of small DNA changes associated with an increased risk of MS. However, these changes are not as straightforward as we once thought.
Most of these genetic variations do not directly alter genes but instead influence how genes are activated or deactivated within immune cells. This complexity has made it challenging for researchers to determine the precise role these changes play in the development of MS.
But here's where it gets controversial: Dr. King's team is taking a bold approach. They will introduce and test these genetic risk factors in human immune cells, measuring their individual and combined effects on gene activity and immune behavior. By doing so, they hope to uncover how these risk genes operate together, ultimately leading to more precise treatments and better long-term outcomes for MS patients.
Dr. King emphasizes, "For decades, we've known about genetic markers linked to MS risk, but we've struggled to explain their impact on immune cell behavior. MS often arises from many small genetic differences working in concert, and this platform allows us to study these changes collectively and trace them back to the specific genes and pathways they influence."
MS is an immune-mediated condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain and spinal cord, damaging the protective myelin coating around nerve fibers. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including mobility issues, vision problems, cognitive impairments, and reduced energy levels.
In Australia, the number of people living with MS is on the rise, with over 37,700 cases in 2025, a 77.4% increase since 2010. The economic burden of this disease is also significant, reaching $3 billion in 2024. As such, accelerating research across the full spectrum of MS is of utmost importance.
Dr. Tennille Luker, Head of Research at MS Australia, highlights the significance of projects like Dr. King's: "Identifying risk is just the first step. Understanding how these genetic changes actually drive the disease is what allows us to change its course. Alongside this work, we are investing in research to slow progression, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. These projects not only strengthen our immediate response to MS but also lay the foundation for future prevention and cures."
In addition to MS Australia's core funding, generous support from the Browne Family has funded a Postdoctoral Fellowship for Dr. James Hilton at the University of Melbourne. Dr. Hilton is working on developing new compounds to protect nerve cells in progressive MS.
MS Australia's commitment to research is evident, with over $60 million invested in MS research over the past two decades. CEO Rohan Greenland emphasizes the importance of sustained national investment: "Research gives hope to people living with MS, reminding them that progress is possible and that better treatments and prevention are within reach. None of this would be possible without the dedication of our Member Organizations, donors, and the broader MS community. Together, we are accelerating the discoveries that will bring us closer to a world without MS."
The research grants will be officially launched at Parliament House in Canberra on March 4th, at MS Australia's Advancing MS Research in Australia event. Speakers, including Dr. Monique Ryan MP and Ms. Renee Coffey MP, will highlight the significance of a continued national commitment to MS research.
Some of the featured projects include:
Sensory shoe insoles to improve balance in MS: Associate Professor Anna Hatton from The University of Queensland is developing innovative shoe insoles to enhance foot sensation and improve balance for people with MS. The goal is to reduce the risk of falls and support mobility and independence.
Protecting brain blood flow to slow MS progression: Professor Kaylene Young from the Menzies Institute for Medical Research is investigating how changes in brain blood vessels contribute to MS progression. By using stem cell models, her team aims to identify drug targets that can protect myelin and slow disability.
Investigating viral triggers of MS: Mr. Alex Eisner from The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health is examining how common viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, may influence MS by altering immune response and gene activation. His project aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying viral infections and their impact on MS risk and treatment.
Exploring copper disruption as a link to MS risk factors: Dr. Brittney Lins from Curtin University is investigating whether disrupted copper levels in the brain connect major MS risk factors, including Epstein-Barr virus infection, vitamin D deficiency, and gut health. The project aims to identify new prevention and treatment strategies by understanding the role of copper imbalance in myelin damage.
These projects showcase the diverse and innovative approaches being taken to tackle MS. As we continue to unravel the complexities of this disease, we move closer to a future where MS is no longer a debilitating condition, but one that can be effectively managed and, hopefully, prevented.
